November 28, 2019
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Pexels) New Delhi: AIDS, a well known fatal disease can have serious
repercussions on fertility as well. According to a report by World Health
Organisation (WHO), the transmission rates of HIV virus from mother to the
offspring range from 15% to 45%.This rate can be reduced to below five percent
with effective treatment during the cycle of pregnancy, delivery, and
breastfeeding. These interventions primarily involve antiretroviral treatment.
"Prior to the initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), the
prospect of parenthood raised a number of issues for people with HIV. This
included a high risk of transmission to a partner and to the infant as well. A
woman with HIV may suffer from serious PID (Pelvic Inflammatory Disease) as the
immune system is weakened. So, it's better to prevent AIDS rather than treatment
for fertility," says Dr. Priti Gupta, First Step IVF Clinic.HIV-positive women
are more likely to have an anovulatory cycle and amenorrhea, or a complete
absence of a menstrual cycle. In addition, factors that may result in
infertility in HIV-infected women include stress, weakened immune systems,
weight loss, and the presence of various sexually transmitted diseases.For women
who avoid undergoing antiretroviral therapy, complications with pregnancy may
occur more often. With the development of HAART, a growing number of
HIV-positive women can opt to have safe vaginal deliveries. Though vaginal
delivery is recommended only if an HIV-positive pregnant woman has been
receiving proper prenatal care and the viral load is less than 1,000 copies per
ml at 36 weeks of pregnancy.Sperm function also gets affected by HIV.
Inflammation of the testicles and production of insufficient testosterone levels
might occur in HIV infected men. Such people also experience decreased sex drive
and erectile or ejaculatory dysfunction.Assisted reproduction options can serve
as a blessing for people facing fertility related issues and can be a safe
choice for HIV serodiscordant couples (a couple in which one partner is HIV
positive and the other is HIV negative). Three most common assisted reproduction
techniques are intrauterine insemination, in vitro fertilization, and
intracytoplasmic sperm injection. All these techniques have delivered successful
results as per research.
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